Biochar Integrated Nutrient Application Improves Crop Productivity, Sustainability and Profitability of Maize–Wheat Cropping System

Enhancing cereal crop production to feed the largely growing population is an important approach towards maintaining food security. Fertilizer management major component of requiring special attention for sustainable application. Integrated nutrient (INM) evolving idea, which appears contribute management. A field study was designed see impact INM on a maize–wheat cropping system during winter (wheat) and summer (maize) season at Agronomic Research Farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Both wheat maize crops were grown consecutively along with full inorganic fertilizer (NPK) as well partial dose (25%, 50%, 75% NPK) supplemented or without addition biochar (5 ton/ha). Data collected regarding growth, yield quality further analyzed using MSTAT-C statistics software. Results revealed that (75% NPK + Biochar) enabled improve dry matter its translocation sink in turn boosted productivity. This treatment improved (19%, 57%), grain weight (44%, 54%), (60%, 63%) harvest index (30%, 29%) over control crops. It also uptake plants contents grains. Similarly, recorded higher productivity (USD 790, USD 830) both years found be economically under INM. concluded strategy can sustainability maintain